Enhanced steam electrolysis with exsolved iron nanoparticles in perovskite cathode

The sustainable supply of clean energy may depend on the hydrogen, which usually derives from steam electrolysis for SOEC. However, the current steam electrolysis using SOEC still faces many challenges, such as low catalytic efficiency, poor structural stability. We synthesize a series of La_0.6Sr_0.4Fe_xO_3-δ (LSF_x, x = 0.8–1.2) materials, utilizing in situ exsolved metal (Fe) nanoparticles to construct a metal-oxide interface to enhance the performance of steam electrolysis and coking resistance. The active metal-oxide interface can effectively improve the performance of steam electrolysis. The H₂ production reaches 4.52 mL min^?1 cm^?2 with the current efficiency of 97.81% at 1.6 V and 850 °C for the cell with LSF_1.1-Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_3-δ cathode and anode. It shows excellent long-term stability and redox cycling capability after dozens of hours of operation. This research is of great significance for efficient hydrogen production.     

Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophobic Bagasse Hemicellulose-based Films

To improve the hydrophobicity of bagasse hemicellulose-based films, glutaraldehyde was applied when preparing films of original and cationic bagasse hemicellulose with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol and sorbitol. The results showed that the cationic modification could increase the hydrophobicity of the hemicellulose-based film, and the hydrophobicity of hemicellulose-based films crosslinked with glutaraldehyde also increased. However, cationic modification of hemicellulose decreased the stress of the hemicellulose-based film. While crosslinking with glutaraldehyde increased the stress of both the original and cationic hemicellulose-based films. Macrophotography indicated that the film formability of the original hemicellulose was better than that of cationic hemicellulose. Through SEM observation, the degree of bonding of different components of the films was found to be increased due to crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The crosslinking reaction between glutaraldehyde and hemicellulose was further confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy.     

Effect of malondialdehyde oxidation on structure and physicochemical properties of amandin

Oil, accounting for 45% of almonds, is easily oxidised and can further induce the protein oxidation to reduce their quality. Structure and physicochemical properties of amandin, the main water-soluble protein in almonds, inducing oxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated. The results showed that the content of carbonyl group increased from 5.23 to 33.25 nmol mg⁻¹ of protein with the increase in MDA concentration (P < 0.05). However, the sulphydryl content, surface hydrophobicity, particle size and the absolute value of ζ-potential first increased and then decreased. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed that the structure of amandin changed from order to disorder. Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis revealed that mild oxidation (0–0.1 mmol L⁻¹ MDA) exposed hydrophobic groups of the protein. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) suggested that protein oxidation promoted crosslinking between protein molecules. Furthermore, protein oxidation markedly declined the total amino acid content of amandin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, MDA oxidation changed the structure and amino acid content of amandin, and caused the protein aggregate and crosslink through hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction.     

Spatiotemporal variations in soil CO2 fluxes under a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system in the North China Plain

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems - Most studies on soil CO2 fluxes focus on the upper soil layers (i.e., 0–200&nbsp;mm); however, there is a lack of investigation into soil layers below...     

乌龙茶加工过程中α-法呢烯的形成关键调控基因的筛选与表达分析

为探讨乌龙茶加工过程中做青工序的机械力对香气成分中α-法呢烯的影响及形成机理,本实验以乌龙茶品种黄旦的鲜叶、萎凋叶、摇青叶为供试材料,未摇青等时间摊放叶为对照组,采用GC-TOF-MS 方法检测乌龙茶加工过程中α-法呢烯含量,结合转录组和茶树基因组数据库筛选α-法呢烯合成酶(AFS)关键基因,构建系统进化发育树,利用实时荧光定量PCR(Quantitative Real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)进行数据验证,并进行α-法呢烯含量与基因表达水平间的相关性分析。结果表明,α-法呢烯的含量在第一次摇青时有所下降,由于机械胁迫的累加,摇青叶中α-法呢烯的含量逐渐增加并在第三次摇青时达到峰值(0.9485%)。筛选获得的CL11384.Contig7_All转录本与茶树α-法呢烯合成酶基因(CsAFS,GenBank登录号:MH125264.1)高度相似,暂命名为CsAFS7基因,该基因表达模式与测序数据相一致。皮尔逊相关系数分析表明,乌龙茶加工过程中α-法呢烯含量与CsAFS7基因的相关表达水平之间存在极显著正相关(r=0.951,P<0.01)。因此,乌龙茶做青过程中α-法呢烯的累积可能受到CsAFS7基因的表达调控。     

Deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter with a very high fluorescence rate

Conventional thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules achieve small energy differences between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (ΔE_ST) by enhancing the intramolecular charge transfer, which inevitably leads to a wide emission spectrum and low fluorescence rate. Here, we prepared a deep blue TADF molecule via a small ΔE_ST pyridine-phenol fluoroboron complex as the acceptor. The small ΔE_ST is maintained when carbazole donors are attached to the 4-position of the phenyl rings in the fluoroboron complex. Benefiting from the strong electron coupling between the donor (D) and acceptor (A) moieties, the compound Cz-4-BF exhibits a high fluorescence rate of 4.8 × 10⁸ s⁻¹ and a small D-A dihedral angle change in the excited state. Consequently, a photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of nearly 100% and a PL spectrum with full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) < 60 nm were obtained in solution and low-concentration doped films. A TADF-sensitized fluorescence (TSF) device containing Cz-4-BF achieves an external quantum efficiency of 21%, which is higher than the devices employing classical fluorescent emitters and multiple resonance-type TADF emitters. The Cz-4-BF-based TSF device shows significantly improved color coordinates of (0.14, 0.10) versus a control device without Cz-4-BF.     

Iron-binding peptides from whey protein hydrolysates: Evaluation,isolation and sequencing by LC–MS/MS

Iron–peptide complexes have been considered a promising source of more bioavailable iron, with reduced side effects as compared to iron salts. Whey protein isolate (WPI) hydrolyzed by alcalase, pancreatin or flavourzyme was ultrafiltered (cut off 5 kDa) and their fractions – retentates and filtrates – were evaluated for iron-binding capacity. The Fe–hydrolysate complexation reaction resulted in a dramatic increase in iron solubility at pH 7.0, from 0% to almost 100%. This result was obtained regardless of the molecular mass profile or the enzyme used to obtain the samples. Fractions from hydrolysate obtained with pancreatin (HP) were chosen to continue the study. The complexes formed with both fractions from HP were stable under simulated gastric digestion (50.8–89.4%). To identify the peptides with iron-binding capacity, the HP fractions were isolated by IMAC-Fe^3 +, and the retentate showed higher relative concentrations of iron-binding peptides than the filtrate. Iron-binding peptide sequencing, accomplished by LC–MS/MS, showed Glu and/or Asp in all the sequences, and their carboxylic groups were amongst the main iron-binding sites. WPI hydrolysis with pancreatin yields peptides that can form iron complexes with the potential to increase iron bioavailability and reduce its pro-oxidant effect.     

食物成瘾的研究进展及启示

食物成瘾是一种复杂的慢性疾病，导致人们在日常生活中对某种食物产生过度依赖与过度进食等相关行为特征，近年来已被认为是影响欧美发达国家肥胖症、暴食症、糖尿病等发病率持续升高的关键原因，引起学术界的极大关注，成为研究热点。本文主要介绍食物成瘾的概念、诊断标准，综述了食物成瘾的病理机制、影响因素和应对措施等方面的研究进展，并探讨食物成瘾对我国食品界的启示，为预防食物成瘾，保障公众健康提供有益借鉴。